Geography Class 12 Term-II Syllabus

The syllabus consists of five units divided into two parts: (A) Fundamentals of Human Geography (B) India: People and Economy.

Exam Structure

Part A. Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit 3: Human Activities 

• Secondary activities - concept; manufacturing: types - household, small scale, large scale; agro-based and mineral based industries; people engaged in secondary activities - some examples from selected countries
• Tertiary activities - concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities - some examples from selected countries
• Quaternary activities - concept; people engaged in quaternary activities - case study from selected countries

Unit 4: Transport and Communication

• Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways
• Water transport - inland waterways; major ocean routes
• Air transport - Intercontinental air routes
• Oil and gas pipelines
• Satellite communication and cyberspace - importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS

Part B. India: People and Economy

Unit 8: Resources and Development 

• Mineral and energy resources - distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation
• Planning in India - target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)

Unit 9: Transport and Communication

• Transport and communication - roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication networks

Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems 

• Environmental pollution; urban - waste disposal
• Urbanization, rural - urban migration; problems of slums
• Land degradation

Map work on locating and labelling of features based on above units on outline map of India.